Soft War: The Ethics of Unarmed Conflict

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a b Angelo M. Codevilla, "Political Warfare: A Set of Means for Achieving Political Ends," in Waller, ed., Strategic Influence: Public Diplomacy, Counterpropaganda and Political Warfare (IWP Press, 2008).

Soft War - CORE Iran and the Soft War - CORE

millones de personas hablan español, cinco millones más que hace un año, y aumentarán a 754 millones a mediados de siglo". www.cervantes.es. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Structure of Iran's State-Run TV IRIB,” Open Source Center, December 16, 2009, https:/ Later, in the rebels' hideout, both the rebels and the Onderon army, represented by Tandin, pledge their loyalty to their rightful king, and with renewed confidence a grateful Dendup decides that winning their people's trust is the best way to counter a retaliatory strike by Count Dooku for his liberation, making his loyalists, including a reconciled Saw, cheer. Later on, as Ahsoka reports to Obi-Wan and her master, she reveals that the involvement of the Jedi in the rebellion has now become public knowledge; and thus the Jedi are forced to decide whether they should now openly take sides in the impending battle. The report makes three main arguments. First, Iran is explicitly engaged in a “soft war,” or jang-e narm, with the West—especially the United States. 1 As former Iranian intelligence chief Heidar Moslehi remarked, “We do not have a physical war with the enemy, but we are engaged in heavy information warfare with the enemy.” 2 Second, Iran uses both formal and informal instruments to wage jang-e narm. Examples range from official television broadcasting through organizations like the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting to informal cultural centers. Third, Iran has weaknesses and vulnerabilities that stem, in part, from its authoritarian system and self-perception as the vanguard of Shia Islam, which have undermined the legitimacy of its message and created inefficiency and corruption. The United States’ greatest strengths—its support of democratic principles, open markets, and free press—are Iran’s most significant weaknesses. Iran’s authoritarian political system and attempt to control access to information make it vulnerable to a U.S. and Western information campaign. But U.S. efforts to ideologically compete with Iran have been ad hoc and poorly funded. The United States and other Western governments need to step up efforts to compete with Iran through soft power, not just focus on military, financial, and diplomatic means. While Mitt Romney was the target of ridicule in the American media, international events since his defeat and renewed tensions with Russia seem, as least indirectly, to have justified his position.The United States and Europe have consistently been sources of influence and soft power. [37] European culture's art, literature, music, design, fashion, and even food have been global magnets for some time. [32] Europe and the U.S. have often claimed to support human rights and international law throughout the world. In 2012, the European Union was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for over six decades [it has] contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe." [38] [39] In 2019, the U.S. has the second largest diplomatic network in the world, [40] [41] the largest number of foreign journalists based in the country, [42] and is the most popular destination for international students. [43] American films, television, music, advertising, fashion, food, economic models, political culture, and literature have contributed to the Americanization of other cultures. [44] Wolfendale, Jessica (2017). Defining War. In Michael Gross & Tamar Meisels (eds.), Soft War: The Ethics of Unarmed Conflict. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. pp. 16-32.

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Iran’s vulnerabilities suggest that a major component of U.S. competition with Iran should be ideological.Nguyen, Joana (2023-04-10). "Japan's leading business lobby group says anime, manga key to economic growth". South China Morning Post. Parmar, Inderjeet and Michael Cox, eds. (2010). Soft Power and US Foreign Policy: Theoretical, Historical and Contemporary Perspectives, Routledge. Why 26 Korean words have been added to Oxford English Dictionary". BBC News. 2021-10-05. Archived from the original on 2021-10-05 . Retrieved 2021-10-05.

The soft war era: The case of the United States and China

Brundage, Jonah Stuart (2018). "The Social Sources of Geopolitical Power: French and British Diplomacy and the Politics of Interstate Recognition, 1689 to 1789". American Sociological Review. 83 (6): 1254–1280. ISSN 0003-1224. JSTOR 48588591.

Rahimi, “Censorship and the Islamic Republic: Two Modes of Regulatory Measures for Media in Iran,” The Middle East Journal 69, no. 3 (Summer 2015): 375. D'Agostino, Peter R. (2005). Rome in America: Transnational Catholic Ideology from the Risorgimento to Fascism. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 9780807863411.