Kashmir - Azad Jammu and Kashmir Flag 150cm x 90cm

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In the 1950s, India collected salt from various lakes in Aksai Chin to study the economic feasibility of salt mining operations in the area. [67] [68]

a b c d e Snedden 2013, p. 93: "Second, Azad Kashmiris had always wanted to be part of this nation." Bird, Richard M.; Vaillancourt, François (2008). Fiscal Decentralization in Developing Countries. Cambridge University Press. pp.127–. ISBN 978-0-521-10158-5. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023 . Retrieved November 15, 2015. Gadsar Lake Or Pond Yemsar Ganderbal In The Kashmir Valley At An Altitude Of 3600 Meters, It Has A Max Length Of 0.85 Kilometers And Max Width Of 0.76 Miles Dhund – They are a large clan in Azad Jammu and Kashmir and live mostly in the Bagh, Hattian Bala, and Muzaffarabad districts. They also inhabit Abbottabad and upper Potohar Punjab in large numbers. [62] [63] [64]

The flag of Jammu and Kashmir was the official flag of the state so far. It had a deep red colour with three stripes reflecting Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh while the plough was a celebration of farming.

The Sind River Or The Sindh River Urdu سندھ ندی Kashmiri سیندھ Is A River In The Ganderbal District Of Jammu And Kashmir State Of India b) Pletcher, Kenneth, Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia, Encyclopaedia Britannica , retrieved 16 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state."; Ershad, Mahmud (September 1, 2006). "Status of AJK in Political Milieu". Institute of Policy Studies. Archived from the original on May 17, 2023 . Retrieved May 17, 2023. There is a consensus that AJK does not belong to Pakistan geographically yet it is not an independent state either.

Bose, Sumantra (2003). Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01173-2. Kashmir: Why India and Pakistan fight over it". BBC News. November 23, 2016. Archived from the original on December 24, 2018 . Retrieved June 21, 2018. Guo, Ron Adams, Brad (September 22, 2006). "Pakistan: 'Free Kashmir' Far From Free". Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on March 14, 2013 . Retrieved February 5, 2017. Gaver, John W. (2011). Protracted Contest: Sino-Indian Rivalry in the Twentieth Century. University of Washington Press. p.83. ISBN 978-0295801209 . Retrieved 4 January 2020. The westerly route via Aksai Chin was an old caravan route and in many ways the best. It was the only route that was open year-round, throughout both the winter and the monsoon season. The Dzungar army that had reached Lhasa in 1717 ... had followed this route.Azad Kashmir (Free Kashmir) was the title of a pamphlet issued by the Muslim Conference party at its 13th general session held in 1945 at Poonch. [13] It is believed to have been a response to the National Conference's Naya Kashmir (New Kashmir) programme. [14] Sources state that it was no more than a compilation of various resolutions passed by the party. [15] But its intent seems to have been to declare that the Muslims of Jammu and Kashmir were committed to the Muslim League's struggle for a separate homeland (Pakistan), [13] and that the Muslim Conference was the sole representative organisation of the Muslims of Kashmir. [14] However, the following year, the party passed an "Azad Kashmir resolution" demanding that the maharaja institute a constituent assembly elected on an extended franchise. [16] According to scholar Chitralekha Zutshi, the organisation's declared goal was to achieve responsible government under the aegis of the maharaja without association with either India or Pakistan. [17] The following year, the party workers assembled at the house of Sardar Ibrahim on 19 July 1947 reversed the decision, demanding that the maharaja accede to Pakistan. [18] [19] Moss, Paul (November 30, 2006). "South Asia | The limits to integration". BBC News. Archived from the original on August 30, 2007 . Retrieved June 5, 2010. How free is Azad Kashsmir". The Indian Express. March 26, 2016. Archived from the original on March 27, 2016 . Retrieved March 26, 2016.

Sudhans – (also known as Sadozai, Sardar) are the second largest tribe, living mainly in the districts of Poonch, Sudhanoti, Bagh, and Kotli in Azad Kashmir, and allegedly originating from the Pashtun areas. [65] [62] [63] Together with the Rajputs, they are the source of most of Azad Kashmir's political leaders. [66] William Johnson, a civil servant with the Survey of India proposed the "Johnson Line" in 1865, which put Aksai Chin in Kashmir. This was the time of the Dungan revolt, when China did not control most of Xinjiang, so this line was never presented to the Chinese. Johnson presented this line to the Maharaja of Kashmir, who then claimed the 18,000 square kilometres contained within, [27] [ unreliable source?] and by some accounts territory further north as far as the Sanju Pass in the Kun Lun Mountains. The Maharajah of Kashmir constructed a fort at Shahidulla (modern-day Xaidulla), and had troops stationed there for some years to protect caravans. [28] Eventually, most sources placed Shahidulla and the upper Karakash River firmly within the territory of Xinjiang (see accompanying map). [ citation needed] According to Francis Younghusband, who explored the region in the late 1880s, there was only an abandoned fort and not one inhabited house at Shahidulla when he was there – it was just a convenient staging post and a convenient headquarters for the nomadic Kirghiz. [29] [ non-primary source needed] The abandoned fort had apparently been built a few years earlier by the Kashmiris. [30] [ non-primary source needed] In 1878 the Chinese had reconquered Xinjiang, and by 1890 they already had Shahidulla before the issue was decided. [27] [ unreliable source?] By 1892, China had erected boundary markers at Karakoram Pass. [31] The Leepa Valley is located 105km (65mi) southeast of Muzaffarabad. It is the most charming and scenic place for tourists in Azad Kashmir. Akhtar & Rehman 2007, p.68. The conclusion is based on lexical similarity and the comparison is with the Hindko of the Kaghan Valley and with the Pahari of the Murree Hills.Local authorities in Ningxia claim that their model of Aksai Chin is part of a tank training ground, built in 1998 or 1999. [42] a b Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Bishop's College Press. 1868. p.50. the Akzai Chin or White Desert The northern part of Azad Jammu and Kashmir encompasses the lower area of the Himalayas, including Jamgarh Peak (4,734m or 15,531ft). However, Sarwali Peak (6326 m) in Neelum Valley is the highest peak in the state. [2]