Ballists, Dead Beats, and Muffins: Inside Early Baseball in Illinois

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The cheiroballistra and the manuballista are held by many archaeologists to be the same weapon. [ citation needed] The difference in name may be attributable to the different languages spoken in the Empire. Latin remained the official language in the Western Empire, but the Eastern Empire predominantly used Greek, which added an extra 'r' to the word ballista. With the decline of the Roman Empire, resources to build and maintain these complex machines became very scarce, so the ballista was likely supplanted initially by the simpler and cheaper onager and the more efficient springald. Some Italians took refuge in the mountains of Albania, while about 15,000 Italian soldiers surrendered to Albanian partisans. Some Italian troops led by Arnaldo Azzi, ex-commander of Firenze Division, created CITM, ( Comando Italiano Truppe alla Montagna [ it]) (Italian Command of the Troops in the Mountains). Its objective was to resist German troops with help from the Albanian Partisans. They managed to create some units of Italian soldiers under their command, but these troops were dispersed in the months of October–November 1943, by the German winter offensive. The officers of this command were attached to British missions in Albania and were repatriated to Italy in August 1944. [39] Internal Ballistics– Internal ballistic is about Motion of the projectile in the bore of the weapon. Julian Amery, (1948). Sons of the Eagle: A Study in Guerrilla War. MacMillan & Co Ltd London. This book from a British agent with the Royalists during the war has no ISBN but is being reprinted.

Günther Dahms, Hellmuth (1965). Geschichte des Zweiten Weltkriegs (in German). University of California: R. Wunderlich. p.199. Germany annexed Austria, and moved against Czechoslovakia without notifying Mussolini in advance, so the Italian dictator decided in early 1939 to proceed with his own annexation of Albania. [ citation needed] Italy's King Victor Emmanuel III criticised the plan to take Albania as an unnecessary risk. An electrical ballast is a device placed in series with a load to limit the amount of current in an electrical circuit. The torsion ballista, developed by Alexander, was a far more complicated weapon than its predecessor and the Romans developed it even further, especially into much smaller versions, that could be easily carried.

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in gliding, weights added to maximise the average speed in cross-country competition, especially when thermal convection is strong After the neutral government was formed, Ballist forces in collaboration with Germans fought the Communists extensively. [29] Balli Kombëtar captured Struga in Macedonia after defeating the partisan garrison. [30] The original objectives of Balli Kombëtar were set out in 1942 in the following ten-point program, also known as the "Decalogue" [65] Its reactance limits the power available to the lamp with only minimal power losses in the inductor After Julius Caesar, the ballista was a permanent fixture in the Roman army and, over time, modifications and improvements were made by successive engineers. This included replacing the remaining wooden parts of the machine with metal, creating a much smaller, lighter and more powerful machine than the wooden version, which required less maintenance (though the vital torsion springs were still vulnerable to the strain). The largest ballistae of the 4th century could throw a dart further than 1200 yards (1,100 m). The weapon was named ballista fulminalis in De rebus bellicis: "From this ballista, darts were projected not only in great number but also at a large size over a considerable distance, such as across the width of the Danube River." [8] Ballistae were not only used in laying siege: after AD350, at least 22 semi-circular towers were erected around the walls of Londinium ( London) to provide platforms for permanently mounted defensive devices. [9] Eastern Roman Empire [ edit ]

Ballast was also a component used in early model automobile engines that lowered the supply voltage to the ignition system after the engine had been started. Starting the engine requires a significant amount of electrical current from the battery, resulting in an equally significant voltage drop. To allow the engine to start, the ignition system was designed to operate on this lower voltage. But once the vehicle was started and the starter disengaged, the normal operating voltage was too high for the ignition system. To avoid this problem, a ballast resistor was inserted in series with the ignition system, resulting in two different operating voltages for the starting and ignition systems. In most 220-240V ballasts, the capacitor isn't incorporated inside the ballast like in North American ballasts, but is wired in parallel or in series with the ballast. See also: Battle of Durrës (1939) Italian soldiers in an unidentified location in Albania, April 12, 1939.a b c Frances Trix (2009). The Sufi Journey of Baba Rexheb. University of Pennsylvania Press. p.72. ISBN 978-1-934536-12-4. Archaeology and the Roman ballista [ edit ] Metal components of the Ampurias Catapult, found in 1912 in the Neapolis of Ampurias Metal components of a 4th-century ballista Several groups were led by Baba Faja Martaneshi, former gendarmerie officer Gani bey Kryeziu, communist Mustafa Gjinishi, and rightist politician Muharrem Bajraktari. An attempt to unite those groups in one organization was undertaken by Major Abaz Kupi, by now a democratic politician, who created an underground organisation called the Unity Front. This front, which increased in numbers within several months, was crushed in April 1941 after the defeat of Yugoslavia and Greece. Some of its members passed over to the collaborationist camp, some were arrested, and some others fled to the mountains. The warfare ceased for a while. [18]

Fischer, Bernd J. (1991). "R The basic concept behind the ballast tank can be seen in many forms of aquatic life, such as the blowfish or members of the argonaut group of octopus. [2] The concept has been invented and reinvented many times by humans to serve a variety of purposes.As the role of battlefield artillery became more sophisticated, a universal joint (which was invented just for this function) was integrated into the ballista's stand, allowing the operators to alter the trajectory and firing direction of the ballista as required without a lengthy disassembly of the machine. McGowen, Tom (2006). Alexander the Great: Conqueror of the Ancient World. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers. pp. 24. ISBN 9780766025608. Machine Gun – A machine gun is a fully-automatic firearm. This has a very high rate of fire with a fast reload time and great power. They are generally only used by the military. In Albania, World War II began with its invasion by Italy in April 1939. Fascist Italy set up Albania as its protectorate or puppet state. The resistance was largely carried out by Communist groups against the Italian (until 1943) and then German occupation in Albania. At first independent, the Communist groups united in the beginning of 1942, which ultimately led to the successful liberation of the country in 1944. The Germans were intent on setting up an autonomous administration and endeavoured to persuade Albanian leaders to form a government to take over the administration of the country themselves. Many hesitated, in particular when rumours spread that British forces were preparing to invade Albania. Kosovo Albanian leaders, however, realising that a German defeat would mean a return to Yugoslav rule, were more willing to cooperate. On 14 September 1943, an Albanian government was then set up under Cafo Beg Ulqini, Ibrahim Biçaku of Elbasan, Bedri Pejani and Xhafer Deva of Kosovo. [8] The national assembly, composed of 243 members, began to function on 16 October 1943, electing a four-member High Regency Council ( Këshilli i Lartë i Regjencës [ sq]) to govern the country. [8] The new government, which promised to remain neutral in the war, succeeded in restoring a good deal of stability. The administration and justice systems functioned once again, and Albanian schools were reopened throughout northern and central Albania. Steps were also taken to implement a land reform. [8]

Assuming all projectiles hit the target on every shot. Because each projectile causes a minimum of 1 durability loss to armor, it becomes effective at breaking down armor and eventually penetrating. Early tube-based color TV sets used a ballast triode, such as the PD500, as a parallel shunt stabilizer for the cathode ray tube (CRT) acceleration voltage, to keep the CRT's deflection factor constant.Like all Barrows equipment, it degrades and will fully degrade after 15 hours of combat. It is repairable. a b Roberts, Walter (1987). Tito, Mihailović, and the Allies, 1941–1945. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-0773-0. The voltage spike produced when current through the inductor is rapidly interrupted is used in some circuits to first strike the arc in the lamp.