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From Bowes head North over the moors and drop down into Baldersdale, the first of two wide valleys crossed on this unspectacular but enjoyable stage of the Pennine Way. The other valley is Lunedale, to come after another section of pleasant moorland walking. Both valleys hold a number of reservoirs and scattered farms. After another moorland stretch, drop to the small town of Middleton-in-Teedale. The narrow part of the Widmerpool Gulf that lies between the Derbyshire and Staffordshire platforms within the Derbyshire Dome outcrop has been variously described as off-shelf and basin, but ‘carbonate ramp’ is now the preferred term. The ‘Gulf’ (actually a half-graben) broadens and deepens to the south-east (Figure 7), where an argillaceous, turbiditic basin facies may be present. Where an apron reef rimmed the platforms, there was an abrupt basinward change to deep water. Elsewhere, there was a gentle slope to deeper water. A wide variety of limestone lithologies were formed in this ramp environment, including dark, micritic, cherty beds in the deeper quieter parts and paler, alternating coarse and finer grained, laminated beds in the shallower parts that were more affected by current action. Sporadic conglomeratic limestones represent storm layers. However, by far the most conspicuous and remarkable features are the huge masses of grey, micritic limestone knoll reefs, which dominate the scenery in parts of the Manifold valley and in Dovedale (Plate 8). The North Pennines AONB just north of the Yorkshire Dales rivals the national park in size and includes some of the Pennines' highest peaks and its most isolated and sparsely populated areas. Other AONBs are Nidderdale east of the Yorkshire Dales, and the Bowland Fells, including Pendle Hill, west of the Yorkshire Dales. Bellingham is a crucial place on the route, it being the last place to buy supplies before the final push. The day's route is another mixed one, like yesterday, with moorland ascents (including Padon Hill with its big stone monument) and some boggy stretches. Redesdale Forest gives miles of easy walking down to Byrness at the foot of the Cheviot Hills. Not long to go!
YHA Hawes: just a short walk away from the center of Hawes, this is a great place to spend a rest day. Britain's oldest long-distance footpath, the 268-mile (429km) Pennine Way, runs along most of the Pennines. [10] The name Pennines is believed to come from the Celtic ‘pennioroches’, meaning “hill”, although the earliest written reference to the name dates only from the 18th century. For thousands of years the Pennines have nourished businesses and communities down its river valleys. From farming and the trade in wool through Industrial Revolution to Science, Technology, Engineering and Manufacturing, the Pennines have been responsible for economic growth in towns and cities such as Manchester, Leeds, Sheffield, Wakefield, Doncaster, Barnsley, and Huddersfield. Enabling DigitalThe geological structure of the Pennines consists of carboniferous limestone and Millstone Grit with some local shales. On the drier areas, heather moor predominates, while the wet, peaty areas are covered mostly with cotton grass. The summits of the hills are rounded or nearly flat, but geological structures and glacial action have helped to produce fine scenery in the dales. Water action has developed remarkable underground caverns and watercourses in the limestone of the Pennines. Among these caverns and chasms are Ingleborough Cave near Clapham, Gaping Gill (more than 350 feet [107 metres] deep), and Rowten Pot (365 feet [111 metres]). The stream draining Malham Tarn (brook) disappears below ground and reappears at the foot of the cliffs at Malham Cove. A notable underground watercourse in Derbyshire is the River Wye, which disappears into Plunge Hole and then traverses Poole’s Hole, near Buxton. There are few lakes in the Pennines, but reservoirs in Millstone Grit areas supply the manufacturing regions of West Yorkshire and Lancashire with water. Waterproof gaiters: you’ll meet bogs, wet grass, bad weather and more bogs. You probably think waterproof gaiters are unnecessary, but they’re really not. The Pennine Way was the first National Trail in England and is one of the UK’s most famous long-distance walks. Opened on 24 th April 1965, it paved the way for public access to some of England’s wildest landscapes. Cave, Rachel (2002). "The Humber Catchment and its Coastal Area" (PDF). University of East Anglia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2014 . Retrieved 12 October 2013.
With a combined ascent that exceeds the height of Mount Everest, the Pennine Way is arguably the most challenging National Trail in England and the route is recommended for experienced walkers who want a unique experience – but you don’t have to walk it all at once!
Carboniferous evolution
Leave South Shields on the A194 and make your way to the A68/ A692 junction near Castleside. This is the start of the North Pennines National Park and where the ride really starts. Follow the A692 as it twists, turns and climbs up over a cattle grid onto Waskerley Way with plenty of stunning views and hundreds of fluffy sheep dotted throughout the hills. Middleton-in-Teesdale: County Durham is awash with beautiful towns and villages, and this is one of the best.
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