Business Affairs of Mr Julius Caesar, The

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Julius Caesar, a radical aristocrat of unbounded ambition, and a successful commander and politician, gained wealth and glory by conquering Gaul, then won supreme power in a civil war. He destroyed the Roman Republic and seemed to be moving toward monarchy, but was assassinated before he could complete his plans. On passing through a village in the Alps, as attributed in Parallel Lives , by Plutarch, as translated by John Langhorne and William Langhorne (1836), p. 499

Fortune, which has a great deal of power in other matters but especially in war, can bring about great changes in a situation through very slight forces.Once we have seen this, we can be shown the social space again; the third driving shot shows more of the residential streets which appear towards the end of the second shot, and more of the use of the pavement as a social space that we saw there. The shops are smaller. A Communist election poster, which appeared fleetingly above a corner café as the biographer drove away from the market square, is pasted up throughout these streets. It's Brecht. His "historicization" abounds here. The best historical novels are the ones that have that special power to conjure a mist while you read them, immediately convincing the reader that while familiar, these characters aren't quite modern people (insofar as historical novels taking place in Ancient times). There isn't this mist here. Brecht's novel is an allegory of his social context in early twentieth century. But... while superior novels like The Ides of March (Thornton Wilder), Augustus (John Williams) and Memoirs of Hadrian (Marguerite Yorcenar) conjure the magic of "reviving things past" (developing thus an authenticity to it's characters), truth is they mostly portray the lives of aristocrats and their musings, literary and philosophical: difficult to see the lives that existed in the streets, in the INSULAE, the slaves, the urban poor and their day-to-day lives. In this novel, Brecht shows us the worries of the underprivileged people, the bars, the desperate drive to not die of starvation, the corruption of the electoral system due to the Plebs selling their votes to make ends meet and the organizing of the underclass in urban clubs so as to mobilize their political power. Another fascinating aspect that Brecht imposes in this work is the reality of economic considerations taken by agents who react to economic incentives and circumstances. This is an insight that both classical liberals and marxists share. Of course, Cicero was an arrogant and (what we would call today) elitist man to whom the plight of the urban poor was not an important matter. This reality of roman patricians elitist attitudes, Brecht reveals to us. But Cicero was also a gifted writer and philosopher. This Brecht doesn't quite shows us. Perhaps it is true, though, that pagan morality, as Paul Johnson says it, was an empirical morality. What serves the maintenance of the roman state and the cult of traditional gods, goes. A brutal world, no christian morality here. I also don't doubt that Cicero cared, in his own way, for the Res Publica. Brecht's novel is superior in the matter of showing the reality of material deprivation in ancient times, but still... it feels too modern, too anachronistic.

Giulio Cesare, il grand'uomo, descritto dal punto di vista dal suo segretario e revisore dei conti (l'autore del diario che un giovane avvocato romano, pregno di ideali e di retorica, decide di consultare per scrivere un biografia sul grand'uomo di cui sopra) e da quello del funzionario che era stato il suo pignoratore (e che possiede i diari). Note left on a statue of Caesar in Rome, prior to the Ides of March, as reported in Suetonius, in The Twelve Caesars, as translated by Robert Graves (1957), Divus Iulius ¶ 80 Roma için sistemli sömürü yöntemleri bulan ve uygulayan, çağdaş emperyalist düzenin ilk harçlarının atıldığı kılıç ve hisse senedi işbirliğini, böl ve yönet politikalarını tarihte ilk uygulayan bir insan anlatılıyor. Much of the original dialogue of Kafka’s unfinished novel Amerika was retained in Class Relations (1984), though each scene was pared down to the essentials, usually with only one actor on screen at a time. In 1987 Straub-Huillet took on another unfinished work, Frederic Hölderlin’s play The Death of Empedocles, which they shot five times, with three of the versions shown at various festivals.T]he rule of Caesar, although during its establishment it gave no little trouble to its opponents, still, after they had been overpowered and had accepted it, they saw that it was a tyranny only in name and appearance, and no cruel or tyrannical act was authorized by it; nay, it was plain that the ills of the state required a monarchy, and that Caesar, like a most gentle physician, had been assigned to them by Heaven itself. Therefore the Roman people felt at once a yearning for Caesar, and in consequence became harsh and implacable towards his murders... Tertulla was the wife of Marcus Licinius Crassus, the richest man in Rome, and the mother of his two sons. [1] Biography [ edit ] Michel de Montaigne, Essays, "Observations on Julius Caesar's methods of waging war" as translated by M. A. Screech (1993) Inscription on the triumphal wagon reported in The Twelve Caesars by Suetonius, as translated by Robert Graves (1957). Caesar was a logical man; and the heir of Caesar displayed coherence in thought and act when he inaugurated the proscriptions and when he sanctioned clemency, when he seized power by force, and when he based authority upon law and consent.

Bertolt Brecht, The Business Affairs of Mr Julius Caesar (2016), p. 23; quoted in Long Live Latin: The Pleasures of a Useless Language (2019) by Nicola Gardini, p. 72Tertulla had had a presumably childless marriage to one of Marcus Crassus' brothers before being widowed and subsequently married to him (either his elder brother Publius who died around 88 BC or his younger brother who died some time between 87 and 86 BC). [2] [3] This was highly unusual at the time in Rome but reflected well on her husband as it was considered dutiful and selfless. [4] She and Crassus had two sons together, Marcus Licinius Crassus and Publius Licinius Crassus. Their marriage seems to have been a happy one despite her being a mistress of Julius Caesar. [5] Crassus seems to have either not minded the affair or supported it as it may have helped his political position. [4] He stayed faithful to her during their relationship. [6] She may have also had other lovers outside of Caesar, as she had a reputation for infidelity. There were frequent jokes in Rome that one of her and Crassus' sons looked like a man by the name Axius from Reate. [7] Research [ edit ] Rome officially became an Empire on 16 January 27 BC, when the Senate awarded Octavian – an adopted son of Julius Caesar – the title of Augustus. Prior to this the Republic had been tortured by two decades of bloody civil wars; in the course of these, in 49 BC, Caesar had seized power and ruled as a military dictator. Yet Caesar was an autocrat both of his time and ahead of it, and on 15 March 44 BC – the Ides of March – he was murdered – direct reward, said the scholar and bureaucrat Suetonius (c. AD 70-130), for his vaunting ambition, in which many Romans perceived a desire to revive the monarchy. ‘Constant exercise of power gave Caesar a love for it,’ wrote Suetonius, who also repeated a rumour that as a young man Caesar dreamed of raping his own mother, a vision soothsayers interpreted as a clear sign ‘he was destined to conquer the earth.’

He [Caesar] declared in Greek with loud voice to those who were present 'Let the die be cast' and led the army across. He was reportedly quoting the playwright Menander, specifically "Ἀρρηφόρῳ" ( Arrephoria, or "The Flute-Girl"), according to Deipnosophistae, Book 13, paragraph 8, saying «Ἀνερρίφθω κύβος» ( anerrhíphtho kúbos). The Greek translates rather as " let the die be cast!", or "Let the game be ventured!", which would instead translate in Latin as iacta ālea estō. According to Lewis and Short ( Online Dictionary: alea, Lewis and Short at the Perseus Project. See bottom of section I.). Jean-Marie Straub, film director, screenwriter and producer, born 8 January 1933; died 19 November 2022 Consuesse enim deos immortales, quo gravius homines ex commutatione rerum doleant, quos pro scelere eorum ulcisci velint, his secundiores interdum res et diuturniorem impunitatem concedere. This statement by an unknown author has also been wrongly attributed to William Shakespeare, but there are no records of it prior to late 2001. It has been debunked at Snopes.com Said when crossing the river Rubicon with his legions on 10 January, 49 BC, thus beginning the civil war with the forces of Pompey. The Rubicon river was the boundary of Gaul, the province Caesar had the authority to keep his army in. By crossing the river, he had committed an invasion of Italy.In that man were combined genius, method, memory, literature, prudence, deliberation, and industry. He had performed exploits in war which, though calamitous for the republic, were nevertheless mighty deeds. Having for many years aimed at being a king, he had with great labor, and much personal danger, accomplished what he intended. He had conciliated the ignorant multitude by presents, by monuments, by largesses of food, and by banquets; he had bound his own party to him by rewards, his adversaries by the appearances of clemency. Why need I say much on such a subject? He had already brought a free city, partly by fear, partly by patience, into a habit of slavery. With him I can, indeed, compare you [ Mark Antony] as to your desire to reign; but in all other respects you are in no degree to be compared to him.