276°
Posted 20 hours ago

LE BIOETHANOL DE SECONDE GENERATION. LA PRODUCTION D'ETHANOL A PARTIR DE BIOMASSE LIGNOCELLULOSIQUE: La production d'éthanol à partir de biomasse lignocellulosique

£9.9£99Clearance
ZTS2023's avatar
Shared by
ZTS2023
Joined in 2023
82
63

About this deal

a b Wyman, Charles E.; Dale, Bruce E.; Elander, Richard T.; Holtzapple, Mark; Ladisch, Michael R.; Lee, Y. Y. (2005-12-01). "Coordinated development of leading biomass pretreatment technologies". Bioresource Technology. 96 (18): 1959–1966. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.01.010. ISSN 0960-8524. PMID 16112483.

Laureano RG, Lazo YO, Linares JC, Luque A, Martínez F, Seco JI, Merino J (2008) The cost of stress resistance: construction and maintenance costs of leaves and roots in two populations of Quercus ilex. Tree Physiol 28:1721–1728 Goering HK, Van Soest PJ (1970) Forage fiber analyses (apparatus, reagents, procedures and some applications). USDA-ARS agricultural handbook 379, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, p 20 For the benefit of the rapid deployment of energy from renewable sources and in view of their overall high sustainable and environmental beneficial quality, Member States should, when applying administrative rules or planning structures and legislation which are designed for licensing installations with respect to pollution reduction and control of industrial plants, for combating air pollution, or for the prevention or minimisation of the discharge of dangerous substances in the environment, take into account the contribution of energy from renewable sources towards meeting environmental and climate change objectives, in particular when compared to non-renewable energy installations. Hoch G, Körner C (2012) Global patterns of mobile carbon stores in trees at the high-elevation tree line. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 21:861–871It is necessary to provide for transparent and unambiguous rules for calculating the share of energy from renewable sources and for defining those sources. One barrier to the production of ethanol from biomass is that the sugars necessary for fermentation are trapped inside the lignocellulose. Lignocellulose has evolved to resist degradation and to confer hydrolytic stability and structural robustness to the cell walls of the plants. This robustness or "recalcitrance" is attributable to the crosslinking between the polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicellulose) and the lignin via ester and ether linkages. [17] Ester linkages arise between oxidized sugars, the uronic acids, and the phenols and phenylpropanols functionalities of the lignin. To extract the fermentable sugars, one must first disconnect the celluloses from the lignin, and then use acid or enzymatic methods to hydrolyze the newly freed celluloses to break them down into simple monosaccharides. Another challenge to biomass fermentation is the high percentage of pentoses in the hemicellulose, such as xylose, or wood sugar. Unlike hexoses such as glucose, pentoses are difficult to ferment. The problems presented by the lignin and hemicellulose fractions are the foci of much contemporary research. Kačík F, Šmíra P, Kačíková D, Reinprecht L, Nasswettrova A (2014) Chemical changes in fir wood from old buildings due to ageing. Cellul Chem Technol 48:79–88

Güleç, Fatih; Parthiban, Anburajan; Umenweke, Great C.; Musa, Umaru; Williams, Orla; Mortezaei, Yasna; Suk‐Oh, Hyun; Lester, Edward; Ogbaga, Chukwuma C.; Gunes, Burcu; Okolie, Jude A. (12 October 2023). "Progress in lignocellulosic biomass valorization for biofuels and value‐added chemical production in the EU: A focus on thermochemical conversion processes". Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. doi: 10.1002/bbb.2544.Pre-treatment consisted in the dehydration of 20 ± 0.03 g of each sample so as to obtain a dry base (105 ± 5 °C for 24 h) in a forced convection furnace, according to Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) standards (T 264 cm-07, Preparation of Wood for Chemical Analysis). Samples were then ground with a Hamilton Beach grinder model 80374 and sieved so as to obtain a uniform particle size suitable for further analysis [ 33]. Analysis of the chemical composition of wood Directive 2012/27/EU provides for guarantees of origin for proving the origin of electricity produced from high-efficiency cogeneration plants. However, no use is specified for such guarantees of origin, so their use may also be enabled when disclosing the use of energy from high-efficiency cogeneration. Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 4) has been substantially amended several times ( 5). Since further amendments are to be made, that Directive should be recast in the interests of clarity. Chapin S, Matson PA, Vitousek P (2012) Plant carbon budgets. In: Chapin S, Matson PA, Vitousek P (eds) Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology. Springer, New York, pp 157–181

Asda Great Deal

Free UK shipping. 15 day free returns.
Community Updates
*So you can easily identify outgoing links on our site, we've marked them with an "*" symbol. Links on our site are monetised, but this never affects which deals get posted. Find more info in our FAQs and About Us page.
New Comment