Easy Persian Reader: Beginner to Low Intermediate Level: (Farsi-English Bi-lingual Edition)

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As a written language, Old Persian is attested in royal Achaemenid inscriptions. The oldest known text written in Old Persian is from the Behistun Inscription, dating to the time of King Darius I (reigned 522–486 BC). [61] Examples of Old Persian have been found in what is now Iran, Romania ( Gherla), [62] [63] [64] Armenia, Bahrain, Iraq, Turkey, and Egypt. [65] [66] Old Persian is one of the oldest Indo-European languages which is attested in original texts. [67] The language was first attested from the Old Persian cuneiform inscriptions dating from 6th century BC, originated in a province in southwest Iran that was once the centre of the Persian Empire -- Parsa or Fars, hence the contemporary Persian name of the language: Farsi. Middle Persian, also known as Pahlavi, is known chiefly through its use in Persian's pre-Islamic Zoroastrian religious writings. The Early Modern period of the language (9th-13th centuries), also known as Classical Persian, is preserved in the literary tradition represented by poets such as Rudaki, Firdowsi, and Khayyam. During this period, Persian was adopted as the lingua franca of the eastern Islamic nations. ISO 233-3:1999". International Organization for Standardization. 14 May 2010. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011 . Retrieved 13 July 2010. Beginning in 1843, though, English and Hindustani gradually replaced Persian in importance on the subcontinent. [100] Evidence of Persian's historical influence there can be seen in the extent of its influence on certain languages of the Indian subcontinent. Words borrowed from Persian are still quite commonly used in certain Indo-Aryan languages, especially Hindi- Urdu (also historically known as Hindustani), Punjabi, Kashmiri, and Sindhi. [101] There is also a small population of Zoroastrian Iranis in India, who migrated in the 19th century to escape religious execution in Qajar Iran and speak a Dari dialect. Do you use any other AI Voice generator for the Persian language? Please let me know in the comment.

According to certain historical assumptions about the early history and origin of ancient Persians in Southwestern Iran (where Achaemenids hailed from), Old Persian was originally spoken by a tribe called Parsuwash, who arrived in the Iranian Plateau early in the 1st millennium BCE and finally migrated down into the area of present-day Fārs province. Their language, Old Persian, became the official language of the Achaemenid kings. [67] Assyrian records, which in fact appear to provide the earliest evidence for ancient Iranian (Persian and Median) presence on the Iranian Plateau, give a good chronology but only an approximate geographical indication of what seem to be ancient Persians. In these records of the 9th century BCE, Parsuwash (along with Matai, presumably Medians) are first mentioned in the area of Lake Urmia in the records of Shalmaneser III. [68] The exact identity of the Parsuwash is not known for certain, but from a linguistic viewpoint the word matches Old Persian pārsa itself coming directly from the older word * pārćwa. [68] Also, as Old Persian contains many words from another extinct Iranian language, Median, according to P. O. Skjærvø it is probable that Old Persian had already been spoken before the formation of the Achaemenid Empire and was spoken during most of the first half of the first millennium BCE. [67] Xenophon, a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions, describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BCE, which is when Old Persian was still spoken and extensively used. He relates that the Armenian people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians. [69] Persian was the only non-European language known and used by Marco Polo at the Court of Kublai Khan and in his journeys through China. [81] [82] Use in Asia Minor Persian on an Ottoman miniature There are several letters generally only used in Arabic loanwords. These letters are pronounced the same as similar Persian letters. For example, there are four functionally identical letters for / z/ ( ز ذ ض ظ), three letters for / s/ ( س ص ث), two letters for / t/ ( ط ت), two letters for / h/ ( ح ه).

Persian Lessons

Nicholas Sims-Williams, "The Iranian Languages", in Steever, Sanford (ed.) (1993), The Indo-European Languages, p. 129.

The Bengal Sultanate witnessed an influx of Persian scholars, lawyers, teachers, and clerics. Thousands of Persian books and manuscripts were published in Bengal. The period of the reign of Sultan Ghiyathuddin Azam Shah, is described as the "golden age of Persian literature in Bengal". Its stature was illustrated by the Sultan's own correspondence and collaboration with the Persian poet Hafez; a poem which can be found in the Divan of Hafez today. [94] A Bengali dialect emerged among the common Bengali Muslim folk, based on a Persian model and known as Dobhashi; meaning mixed language. Dobhashi Bengali was patronised and given official status under the Sultans of Bengal, and was a popular literary form used by Bengalis during the pre-colonial period, irrespective of their religion. [95]

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Vowel sounds, like consonant sounds, can also be confused easily. The main problem with vowels happens when you mix up long and short vowel sounds. For example, the long ‘ā’ sound in ‘ān’ with the short ‘a’ sound in ‘an.’ If you confuse these sounds, you end up saying completely different words. Of course, this application has its own flaws, especially for the Persian Language. You can’t 100% rely on every pronunciation. For instance, for the English Language, you can adjust the pitch of the voice to make it sound deeper or child-like which still is not available for the Persian Language.

Middle Persian is considered to be a later form of the same dialect as Old Persian. [70] The native name of Middle Persian was Parsig or Parsik, after the name of the ethnic group of the southwest, that is, "of Pars", Old Persian Parsa, New Persian Fars. This is the origin of the name Farsi as it is today used to signify New Persian. Following the collapse of the Sassanid state, Parsik came to be applied exclusively to (either Middle or New) Persian that was written in the Arabic script. From about the 9th century onward, as Middle Persian was on the threshold of becoming New Persian, the older form of the language came to be erroneously called Pahlavi, which was actually but one of the writing systems used to render both Middle Persian as well as various other Middle Iranian languages. That writing system had previously been adopted by the Sassanids (who were Persians, i.e. from the southwest) from the preceding Arsacids (who were Parthians, i.e. from the northeast). While Ibn al-Muqaffa' (eighth century) still distinguished between Pahlavi (i.e. Parthian) and Persian (in Arabic text: al-Farisiyah) (i.e. Middle Persian), this distinction is not evident in Arab commentaries written after that date. Orthography Example showing Nastaʿlīq's (Persian) proportion rules [132] [ citation not found] Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda's personal handwriting, a typical cursive Persian script The word "Persian" in the Book Pahlavi script

Text to speech Persian voices

Farsi, which is the Persian word for the Persian language, has also been used widely in English in recent decades, more often to refer to Iran's standard Persian. However, the name Persian is still more widely used. The Academy of Persian Language and Literature has maintained that the endonym Farsi is to be avoided in foreign languages, and that Persian is the appropriate designation of the language in English, as it has the longer tradition in western languages and better expresses the role of the language as a mark of cultural and national continuity. [40] Iranian historian and linguist Ehsan Yarshater, founder of the Encyclopædia Iranica and Columbia University's Center for Iranian Studies, mentions the same concern in an academic journal on Iranology, rejecting the use of Farsi in foreign languages. [41] I don't find these mistakes a source of misunderstanding, still, most students aim to become as flawless as possible.